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Harpoon heads (anguvigaq)

A hunter of sea mammals first had to strike his target with a harpoon head that would stay firmly embedded in the animal. At the end of the line that ran from the head, he attached a seal-skin float (avataq) to keep the animal from diving back down or sinking.

If, however, a hunter didn't wish to keep the animal's skin, he would equip the end of his harpoon with a head (anguvigaq) that would only wound the animal and make it bleed as much as possible so that he could kill it. Consequently, the anguvigaq blade, made of metal or rock, had to be very sharp-edged. Pulling the line (aliq) would make the harpoon head come straight out, and the hunter could then harpoon the animal over and over until it died. The harpoon head could be kept in a case to protect the sharpness of the blade and to keep the blade from damaging the sled (qamutiik) or the kayak (qajaq).

Nowadays, hunters generally use a rifle to wound and kill a game animal.

Picture gallery

Harpoon head with metal blade inserted into an antler handle. There is also a leather harpoon line. The line is partially unwound with a little leather case attached and lying alongside.

Harpoon head with metal blade

Dimensions: Head : 10,4 cm x 2,7 cm x 4,5 cm, line : 196 cm x 1 cm x 0,3 cm
Close-up view of a harpoon head made of greenish rock. It is mounted on an antler handle, which is attached to a leather harpoon line. The stitching on the line is visible.

Harpoon head with stone blade

Dimensions: Head : 14,5 cm x 7,5 cm x 3 cm
A long leather harpoon line, rolled up. At one end, a harpoon head of greenish rock is mounted on an antler handle. At the other end, the line ends in a loop.

Harpoon head with stone blade

Close-up view of a hanging harpoon head, showing a metal blade mounted on an antler handle, which is attached to a leather harpoon line. The stitching on the line is visible.

Harpoon head with a metal blade.

Video capsule

Listen to Natalino Piugattuk comparing the harpoon head with metal blade to another harpoon head (sakku)

Natalino Piugattuk: This looks like a sakku [in inuktitut]. It's called an anguvigaq [in inuktitut].

This is just an anguvigaq [Natalino points at the whole object on the table]. This is the blade.

To protect it, it's always placed here [Natalino inserts the blade into the pouch].

It's taken out only when used. It comes with a harpoon.

It has a rope. This harpoon is used for bigger catches,

like walruses or whales.

It's used for things you cannot just pick up. They don't just harpoon anywhere

with an anguvigaq. They aim for the kidney.

Those using this, the one using this

will harpoon the walrus or the whale

and says "aittaa" [in inuktitut], but we would say "alianait" [in inuktitut] if we harpooned something.

Those using an anguvigaq, it seems that always

when they strike, they say "aittaa!", hoping that it will be a good kill.

The hunter rejoices or he may have missed and look disappointed.

This isn't a sakku at all. Even if he misses the kill spot,

there's nothing to latch on to [Natalino blocks the harpoon head as if it was in the animal and pulls on the lanyard]. So if it doesn't die and he is the only hunter

and he doesn't have a rifle, he will just pull on this.

He could be pulling on it since he is harpooning it with an anguvigaq.

The hunter could sound disappointed even if he hits his target

or if he slightly misses. In the thought of missing,

he says "aittaa". The one harpooning with the anguvigaq

would behave in such a way. I saw it.

The anguvigaq. Once, I myself harpooned a

walrus with a knife. When I knew I would hit the kill spot,

I felt proud of myself. This was used by everyone

who did not have rifles, when they hunted with harpoons.

Some did it by stabbing, some used the anguvigaq.

Having been taught the kill spot, they aimed to kill

without shooting, without a rifle and using this.

It isn't called a sakku, it's an anguvigaq.

This has a wooden piece, the harpoon has a wooden piece

attached. We, the younger generation,

learned that when going to harpoon with the anguvigaq,

one would yell out and we would hurry to bring it to our elder.

Our elder would harpoon and we, the younger ones,

as we did not know too much, we would observe.

That was the way it was: when someone yelled it would be brought to him.

The elder who was going to harpoon would aim to kill

the animal. This was a normal practice.

As children we would observe. That was the way we were.