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Ceremonial masks (kinappak)

These masks, called kinappak, were worn by men during a game named tivajuut. They were worn in a large ceremonial igloo, called a qaggiq, during the dark months of winter and at the arrival of spring, when daylight returns.

During this game, two disguised people, called tivajuuk, would enter the qaggiq while a group of people inside were humming a song specific to the game. One of the tivajuuk would be wearing a female costume, and the other a male costume. The female costume included a mask with female facial tattoos (tunniit) and a woman's coat (amauti) in which were placed two boots (kamiik) to create the appearance of a woman's breasts. The male costume included a mask with a fur mustache and an amauti whose front flap was attached to look like a big penis.

By some accounts, the tivajuuk would move around in the qaggiq with whips and try to frighten and tease the guests. By other accounts, the tivajuuk would walk among the people in the igloo and choose pairs of men and women who would spend the night together.

Nowadays, this game is no longer practised.

Picture gallery

Brown leather mask, seen from the front, with eye openings, eyebrows, a moustache, and a fur goatee. It is adorned with embossed leather patterns and has leather strings to put it on.

Ceremonial mask

Dimensions: 23 cm x 19,2 cm
Brown fur mask, seen from the front. The fur is dark with tufts of black and brown here and there, and lighter areas under the chin and around the cheeks. The fur shows a pattern of distinct lines, creating an impression of head hair, a beard, and a moustache.

Ceremonial mask

Dimensions: 35 cm x 29 cm
Fur mask, seen from the front, with sections of brown fur. It looks like a man's face with areas of denser fur on the eyebrows and the cheeks.

Ceremonial mask

Dimensions: 34 cm x 32 cm
White fur mask, seen from the front. The brown sections stand out sharply and look like face tattoos. The nose, the eyes, and the eyebrows are accentuated by darker tufts of fur.

Ceremonial mask

Dimensions: 27 cm x 36 cm
Fur mask, seen from the front, with darker brown sections that look like face tattoos. There are two visible openings for the eyes, and a dark strip of fur creates the impression of a smile.

Ceremonial mask

Dimensions: 34 cm x 32 cm

Video capsule

Listen to Natalino Piugattuk and Deborah Qaunaq talk about this ceremonial game

Deborah Qaunaq: I think this was used as a game, right? Tivajuuq [in inuktitut]

Deborah Qaunaq / Natalino Piugattuk: Tivajuuq. Natalino Piugattuk: Tivajuuq, an unrecognizable person would go to someone

and do all kinds of things. Being unrecognizable,

nobody knew who this person was. The game was called tivajuuq.

Roland Taqtu: Was it played all over the place? Natalino Piugattuk: No. The person entering the igloo

would wear a mask. When this person entered and started doing all kinds of things,

no one would recognize who he or she was. Things would start to get creepy

because no one knew who he or she was. This person would be doing crazy things.

Deborah Qaunaq: In the qaggiq [in inuktitut]? Natalino Piugattuk: Anywhere. Deborah Qaunaq: In the qaggiq, and it would be crowded

when games were happening. This was long ago. There would be many people,

with some drum dancing,

and someone wearing a mask would enter,

going from person to person, singing "tivajuuq, what to give it".

This was a game they played long ago.

There were reasons for these events, in the springtime:

hunting was becoming easier and 24 hours of daylight were coming,

so celebrations were happening. These were the reasons.

"Tivajuuq, tivajuuq [singing] what to give it,

give it some wick (moss fibre for the soapstone lamp)". Then they would start running around [laugh].